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FIELD  COLUMBIAN  MUSEUM 

PUBLICATION  76 
ZOOLOGICAL  SERIES  VOL.  Ill,  No.  n 


A  LIST  OF  MAMMALS 


OBTAINED   BY 


EDMUND   HELLER 

COLLECTOR   FOR   THE    MUSEUM 


FROM   THE 


COAST  REGION  OF  NORTHERN 
CALIFORNIA  AND  OREGON 


BY 


D.  G.  ELLIOT,  F.  R.  S.  E.,  ETC. 

Curator  of  Department. 


CHICAGO,  U.  S.  A. 

May,   1903 


A  LIST 

OF   MAMMALS   OBTAINED   BY  EDMUND   HELLER, 

COLLECTOR   FOR   THE   MUSEUM,   FROM   THE   COAST 

REGION    OF   NORTHERN   CALIFORNIA 

AND   OREGON. 


BY  D.  G.  ELLIOT,  F.R.S.E.,  ETC. 


In  the  spring  of  1901,  Mr.  Edmund  Heller  started  from  San  Fran- 
cisco on  a  trip  along  the  coasts  of  California  and  Oregon  to  obtain 
specimens  of  mammals  for  this  institution,  visiting  as  many  of  the 
type  localities  as  possible  on  his  route.  His  first  collecting  place  was 
Nicasio,  Marin  County,  type  locality  of  Microtus  californicus,  not  far 
from  San  Francisco.  This  locality  Mr.  Heller  describes  as  follows: 
"Nicasio  is  situated  in  a  small  valley  surrounded  by  rather  high  rolling- 
hills,  the  highest  of  about  one  thousand  feet.  The  northern  slopes  of 
the  hills  are  heavily  forested  by  Sequoia  sempervirens,  Pseudotsuga 
taxifolia,  Inersus  densiflora,  Umbellulario  calif  arnica,  and  other  Transi- 
tion trees.  The  southern  slopes  are  open  and  covered  by  a  good 
growth  of  grass  which  is  used  for  pasturage.  The  valleys  are  also 
chiefly  grass  lands  with  a  few  scattered  Quercus  agrifolia  and  Q.  lobata. 
Two  life  zones  are  present.  The  Transition  is  limited  to  the  northern 
slopes  of  the  hills  and  cold  canons,  and  is  marked  by  the  range  of 
Sequoia  and  Pseudotsuga  timber.  Haplodontia  and  Taniias  are  here 
characteristic  of  this  zone.  The  upper  Sonoran  zone  is  limited  to  the 
valleys  and  southern  hillsides,  and  covers  much  the  greater  part  of  the 
country."  Mr.  Heller  remained  at  Nicasio  for  two  weeks,  and  then 
went  to  Point  Reyes,  on  the  coast,  type  locality  of  Haplodontia  phcea 
and  Putorius  x.  mundus,  and  passed  a  week  there.  Of  this  place  he 
says:  "The  Point  Reyes  peninsula  is  well  separated  east  of  the  line  of 
the  North  Pacific  Railroad  by  a  low  divide  which  extends  from  the 
southern  end  of  Tomales  Bay  to  Bolinas,  and  is  formed  of  high  hills 
of  over  a  thousand  feet,  heavily  forested  by  Pinus  muricata,  Pseudo- 
tsuga  taxifol.ia,  Umbellulario  calif  or  nica,  Inersus  densi flora,  Arbutus 
mcnzisi,  etc.  That  part  of  the  peninsula  west  and  north  of  Drake's 
Bay  is  a  low  and  sandy  plain  with  a  frontage  of  sand-dunes  along  the 
coast.  The  peninsula  was  at  one  time  evidently  an  island,  the  low 
divide  having  been  gradually  filled  in  by  the  creeks  flowing  into 
Tomales  and  Bolinas  bays.  The  whole  peninsula  is  in  the  Transition 

175 


176  FIELD  COLUMBIAN  MUSEUM — ZOOLOGY,   VOL.   XI. 

zone,  the  climate  very  cold  for  the  latitude,  due  to  the  heavy  winds 
and  fogs  constantly  occurring."  The  next  collecting  place  was  Peta- 
luma,  a.  short  distance  north  of  Point  Reyes,  and  the  type  locality  of 
Rkilhrodontomys  longicauda  and  Neoto ma  fuscipes,  where  but  a  brief  stay 
was  made,  and  then  Mr.  Heller  proceeded  to  Mendocino,  the  type 
locality  of  Tamias  t.  ochrogenys  and  Peromyscus  o.  rubidus,  where  he 
remained  ten  days  and  procured  a  number  of  desirable  specimens. 
Mendocino  he  states  "is  on  the  sea  coast  at  the  mouth  of  Big  River,  a 
stream  about  seventy-five  yards  wide  where  it  enters  the  sea,  and  is 
subject  to  the  influence  of  the  tide  four  miles  above  its  mouth.  The 
town  is  on  a  low  plateau  that  slopes  gradually  to  the  ocean,  the  coast 
slope  being  chiefly  open  and  grassy,  except  where  cut  into  small 
caftons  by  streams  which  are  heavily  forested  on  their  banks.  Four 
or  five  miles  back  from  the  coast  the  hills  grow  higher,  forming  moun- 
tains of  several  thousand  feet  elevation.  The  plateau,  cafions,  and 
mountains  are  heavily  forested  with  Sequoia,  Pseudotsuga,  Abies,  etc. 
Near  the  coast  Pinus  muricata  is  the  most  abundant  tree,  but  it  does 
not  extend  inlarfd  very  far.  The  whole  region  is  Transition  except 
perhaps  the  higher  mountains,  where  the  Canadian  may  be  found." 
Of  the  mammals  of  this  locality  not  procured  may  be  mentioned 
Spermophilus  v.  beecheyi,  which  was  said  to  be  "common  a  few  miles 
inland  in  grain  fields,  and  also  to  the  southward  about  Point  Arena." 
It  was  said  to  have  only  appeared  in  the  region  since  the  establish- 
ment of  grain  fields.  Another  species,  the  sea  otter,  Latax  lutris, 
formerly  occurred  in  the  Bay  of  Mendocino,  but  has  not  appeared  in 
late  years.  A  trapper  reported  having  seen  six  about  ten  years  ago. 
Ten  days  were  passed  in  this  locality,  and  then  Mr.  Heller  went 
to  Eureka,  type  locality  of  Thomomys  laticeps,  at  which  place  and  its 
vicinity  he  remained  three  weeks;  and  one  week  was  passed  at  Scotia 
in  the  redwood  belt  on  Eel  River  south  of  Eureka.  At  Table  Bluff  at 
the  southern  end  of  Table  Bay  small  mammals  were  abundant,  and  a 
considerable  number  representing  various  species  was  taken.  Of  this 
country  Mr.  Heller  says,  that  "except  about  the  mouths  of  rivers  and 
at  Humboldt  Bay,  it  consists  of  high  hills  and  mountains  covered  by 
heavy  forests  of  Sequoia,  Pseudotsuga,  Abies,  Picea^  etc.  About  Hum- 
boldt Bay  the  land  is  low  and  rolling,  and  the  uncultivated  portions 
are  covered  by  a  thick  growth  of  ferns  (Pteris)  and  shrubs,  chiefly 
Pubus  and  Gaultheria.  Most  of  the  region  appears  to  be  in  the  lower 
part  of  the  Canadian  zone,  especially  that  portion  bordering  the  coast 
where  Picea  sitkensis  is  found.  Indeed,  for  ten  or  twelve  miles  where 
the  heavy  fogs  do  not  penetrate  it  is  much  warmer  and  the  vegetation 
is  chiefly  Transition  in  character." 


MAV,    1903.  A  LIST  OF  MAMMALS — ELLIOT.  177 

Requa  was  the  next  place  visited,  considerably  to  the  north  of 
Eureka,  and  situated  on  the  Klamath  River,  which  at  its  mouth  Mr. 
Heller  states  is  "bordered  by  rather  steep  hills  with  occasional  small 
flats  interspersed  among  them.  Most  of  these  hills  are  heavily 
forested  with  Picea,  Pseudotsuga  and  Sequoia.  A  few  bald  hills  occur 
which  lack  trees  and  support  only  a  growth  of  ferns  and  bushes,  but 
these  are  found  usually  a  considerable  distance  up  the  river.  The 
dominant  tree  about  the  mouth  of  the  Klamath  is  Picea  sitkensis,  which 
grows  to  an  immense  size  on  the  rich  bottom  lands.  The  giant  arbor- 
vita;  Thuya  occidentalis  finds  its  southern  limit  here  and  Tsuga  hetero- 
phylla  is  also  quite  abundant.  All  three  of  these  trees  are  characteristic 
of  the  Canadian  zone  in  which  the  whole  coast  line  is  situated.  Fifteen 
or  twenty  miles  inland  the  Transition  zone  occurs  in  which  oaks  and 
Douglas  fir  predominate,  and  Picea  and  Sequoia  are  lacking. "  Sea  lions 
are  common  off  the  coast  and  also  in  the  Klamath  River,  which  they 
ascend  for  several  miles  to  feed  upon  the  salmon ;  also  seals,  Phoca 
richardi,  are  plentiful  and  destroy  a  great  many  salmon.  At  Requa 
was  first  procured  the  wood-rat  I  have  called  Teonoma  f.  apicalis. 
From  Requa  Mr.  Heller  went  to  Crescent  City,  type  locality  of  Microtus 
angusticeps,  near  the  boundary  line  of  California  and  Oregon,  where  he 
remained  eight  days.  He  says  of  this  place  that  it  is  "situated-  in  a 
low  level  country,  which  extends  from  the  hills  five  miles  south  of  the 
town  to  the  mouth  of  Smith  River  a  somewhat  greater  distance  to  the 
north.  The  region  contains  a  considerable  number  of  lakes  and  is 
generally  swampy  where  not  forested.  Spruce  and  Douglas  fir  are  the 
commonest  trees  near  the  coast,  but  inland  a  few  miles  the  redwood 
forests  extend  unbroken  north  and  south,  and  with  a  width  of  six  to 
ten  miles. " 

Passing  now  into  Oregon  the  first  stop  was  at  Goldbeach,  where  a 
stay  of  one  month  was  made.  Of  this  place  Mr.  Heller  writes  that  it 
is  "situated  in  a  hilly  region  at  the  mouth  of  Rogue  River/  The  hills 
rise  abruptly  from  the  river  to  heights  ranging  from  five  hundred  to 
fifteen  hundred  feet,  their  summits  usually  gently  rounded  or  compara- 
tively level,  and  composed  largely  of  serpentine  rock  which  supports 
a  fair  growth  of  grass  or  brush,  but  few  or  no  trees.  The  forests  are 
confined  mainly  to  the  caftons  or  hillsides,  but  are  not  absent  from 
the  ridges  where  these  are  composed  of  soft  rocks  or  soil. 

The  forests  consist  chiefly  of  the  Douglas  fir,  Pseudotsuga  taxijolia. 
Near  the  coast  Abies  amabilis,  Picea  sitkensis,  and  Pinus  contorta  form 
a  fair  portion  of  the  timbered  areas.  Away  from  the  coast  Chamce- 
cyparis  laii'soniana  is  a  fairly  common  forest  tree.  The  tan-bark  oak, 
California  laurel,  red  alder,  big  leaf  maple,  and  madrofto  are  common 


178  FIELD  COLUMBIAN  MUSEUM — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.   XI. 

trees  along  streams,  and  seldom  form  forests  of  any  extent.  The 
region  is  apparently  in  the  Canadian  zone,  but  the  open  grassy  nature 
of  the  hills  and  the  presence  of  Citellus  v.  donglasi  give  it  a  Transition 
aspect." 

At  Goklbeach  a  new  species  of  Thomomys  was  procured  which  has 
been  named  after  its  captor,  and  also  a  new  form  of  Peromyscus,  and 
in  the  district  between  Crescent  City  and  this  first  Oregon  station, 
Sciurus  douglasi  and  6".  d.  mollipilosus  appear  to  intergrade,  individu- 
als that  may  be  attributed  to  either  form  having  been  taken  in  both 
places.  The  only  specimen  of  Sciuropterus  secured  during  the  entire 
journey  was  taken  at  Goldbeach,  where  it  was  said  to  be  of  rare 
occurrence. 

Mr.  Heller  writes  of  the  animals  not  collected  that  a  small  colony 
of  beaver,  Castor  c.  pacificus,  is  said  to  "inhabit  a  wooded  island  a  few 
miles  up  the  river.  The  trappers  distinguish  two  species,  a  black 
form  which  builds  houses,  and  the  common  reddish  brown  form  which 
lives  in  holes  along  the  banks." 

From  Goldbeach  Mr.  Heller  went  to  Agness,  "a  small  station  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Illinois  River  about  thirty  miles  from  the  mouth  of  the 
Rogue  River,"  where  he  passed  a  week  in  the  mountains  hunting  black 
bear  unsuccessfully.  He  procured  two  black-tailed  deer,  O.  columbi- 
anus,  and  only  a  few  small  mammals  of  the  same  species  obtained 
at  Goldbeach.  Proceeding  northward  along  the  coast,  Marshfield  was 
the  next  collecting  station,  where  two  weeks  were  passed.  Mr.  Heller 
writes  that  the  "marshes  near  the  town  of  Marshfield  are  infested  by 
Mus  norvegicus  and  M.  musculus,  which  made  trapping  rather  disagree- 
able. The  Coos  Bay  is  more  isolated  than  any  other  I  have  made 
collections  in,  and  is  perhaps  better  characterized  by  what  it  lacks 
than  in  any  other  way.  The  region  has  no  connection  by  its  streams 
with  the  Willamette  Valley  or  the  Cascade  Range  as  does  most  of  the 
country  drained  by  the  larger  streams,  and  this  perhaps  accounts  for 
the  absence  of  such  genera  as  Thomomys,  Citellus  and  Erethizon, 
etc."  At  Marshfield  the  chipmunk  that  I  have  characterized  as 
Tamias  t.  littoralis  was  first  met  with.  Gardiner  was  the  next  stopping 
place,  "in  a  low,  hilly  region  on  the  Umpqua  near  its  mouth.  The 
region  is  intermediate  in  character  between  the  sand-dunes  of  the 
coast  and  the  low  rolling  country  flanking  the  mountains.  It  is  a 
country  of  low  hills  and  lakes  and  deep  lagoons  along  the  rivers.  The 
rock  formation  is  chiefly  horizontally  bedded  soft  sandstone  which  has 
been  cut  into  rather  deep  ravines  by  the  streams.  The  deep  sloughs 
and  the  great  inland  extension  of  the  tide  would  suggest  a  sinking,  or 
rather  sunken,  coast.  The  country  bordering  the  sand-dunes  is 


MAY,   1903.  A  LIST  OF  MAMMALS — ELLIOT.  179 

thickly  covered  by  Pinus  contorta;  farther  inland  it  is  overgrown  with 
spruce,  Picea  sitkensis^  fir,  Pseudotsuga  taxifolia,  and  cedar  Thuya 
gigantea."  Here  was  obtained  the  wood -rat,  Teo'noma  f.  apicalis. 
Proceeding  northward,  Florence  on  the  Lower  Sinslaw  Rtver  was  the 
next  place  visited.  "The  Lower  Sinslaw,"  says  Mr.  Heller  "flows 
through  a  sandstone  region  cut  into  numerous  low,  rounded  hills. 
The  coniferous  forest  which  clothed  the  lower  hills  near  the  mouth 
has  been  removed  by  fire  many  years  ago.  The  blackened  stumps 
of  this  forest  are  still  standing,  but  the  country  has  been  overgrown 
with  alders,  Alnus  oregonus.  A  few  firs  still  remain  along  the  streams 
and  in  the  canons.  The  river  is  subject  to  tide  for  about  twenty  miles 
from  its  mouth.  Tide-flats,  tide-swamps,  and  lagoons  are  numerous 
along  the  lower  part  of  the  river  near  the  mouth,  and  between  the 
sand-dunes  and  the  hills,  lakes  are  numerous.  Near  the  coast 
the  scrub  pine,  Pinus  contorta,  is  the  commonest  tree ;  farther  inland 
and  about  the  lakes  and  tide-water  the  spruce  is  predominant.  Still 
farther  inland  and  on  the  higher  ground  the  Douglas  fir  and  red  cedar 
are  the  prevailing  conifers."  Haplodontia  pacifica  was  common  here 
on  the  north  fork  of  the  Sinslaw  River,  and  a  series  of  specimens  was 
procured  and  also  the  new  form  of  muskrat,  I  have  named  F. 
occipitalis  on  account  of  the  unusual  formation  of  the  skull.  It  is  the 
largest  known  species  of  the  genus. 

Beaverton,  type  locality  of  Lepus  f.  ubericolor,  was  next  visited  in 
order  to  procure  the  rare  and  little  known  Thomomys  bulbivorus,  a  good 
series  of  which  was  obtained.  On  account  of  the  peculiar  cranial 
characters  of  this  animal,  I  have  made  it  the  type  of  a  new  subgenus. 
Of  Beaverton  Mr.  Heller  writes  that  it  is  "near  the  Columbia  River, 
where  the  Willamette  Valley  enters  the  valley  of  the  Columbia.  The 
region  is  low  and  rolling,  but  hills  are  entirely  lacking  in  the  immedi- 
ate vicinity  of  the  town.  The  timbered  land  is  covered  with  forests 
of  yellow  pine,  Pinus  jeffreyi,  Douglas  fir,  Pseudotsuga  taxifolia,  white, 
oaks,  Quercus  zarryana,  etc.  A  small  stream  which  was  formerly  noted 
for  its  beaver-dams  flows  through  the  town.  The  soil  is  chiefly  a 
heavy  black  adobe  except  on  the  higher  parts  where  it  is  largely  clay. 
The  region  is  evidently  Transition  in  the  character  of  its  vegetation  as 
shown  by  the  presence  of  the  yellow  pine  and  white  oak.  The  beaver 
which  was  formerly  quite  abundant  is  now  nearly  or  quite  extinct." 
A  few  may  still  occur  about  the  head  waters  of  small  streams.  From 
Beaverton  a  short  trip  was  made  to  McCoy,  the  type  locality  of 
Micro/us  canicaudus.  The  place  is  in  "much  the  same  kind  of  country 
as  Beaverton,  but  more  level  and  forested.  The  coast  range  is  about 
fifteen  miles  distant.  In  some  places  forests  of  Douglas  fir  occur,  but 


180  FIELD  COLUMBIAN  MUSEUM — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.   XI. 

the  land  is  chiefly  open  and  grassy.  White  oaks  and  a  few  yellow 
pine  occur  also,  and  the  region  I  should  judge  was  more  Transition 
than  that  at  Beaverton."  The  season  was  now  late,  December,  and 
the  heavy  rains  had  set  in,  making  collecting  arduous  and  difficult, 
so  Mr.  Heller  was  instructed  to  return  south,  preparatory  to  going 
into  Lower  California  and  the  San  Pedro  Martir  mountains.  A  stop 
of  four  days  was  made  at  Grant's  Pass,  type  locality  of  Thomomys 
leucodon,  which  is  situated  on  a  level  plateau  on  the  north  bank  of  the 
Rogue  River  in  a  mountainous  region.  The  country  is  composed 
largely  of  granite  or  eruptive  rocks,  and  is  covered  with  a  scattered 
forest  of  yellow  pine,  Pinus  jeffreyi,  sugar  pine,  Pinus  lambertina, 
Douglas  fir,  Pseudotsuga  taxifolia,  and  several  species  of  white  and 
live  oaks.  It  is  a  Transition  region  allied  more  closely  to  the  Sacra- 
mento Valley  than  to  the  Willamette. 


ORDER   UNGULATA. 

FAM.  CERVID^E. 
ODOCOILEUS. 

Odocoileus  columbianus. 

Odocoileuscolumbianus.     (Rich.),  Faun.  Bor.  Amer. ,  1829,  p.  257. 
Elliot,  Syn.  N.  Am.  Mamm. ,  1903,  p.  41. 

Two  specimens  Agness,  Curry  Co.,  Oregon. 

The  genus  ODOCOILEUS  was  proposed  by  Rafinesque  (Atlantic 
Journal,  1832,  No.  3,  p.  109)  on  a  fossil  premolar  of  some  kind  of 
deer.  In  the  same  year  he  instituted  the  genus  Panallodon  (Month. 
Am.  Journ.  Geol.  and  Nat.  Scien.)  on  a  jawbone  of  some  mammal 
which  he  thought  was  "akin  to  Mazama"  (Am.  Month.  Mag.,  1817, 
vol.  i,  p.  44)  another  of  his  genera  comprising  "the  Brockets."  Dr. 
Merriam  (Proc.  Biol.  Soc. ,  Wash.,  1898,  p.  99)  assumed  that  this  fossil 
tooth  belonged  to  the  "Virginian  deer,  or  some  closely  related  form"- 
this,  however,  being  incapable  of  proof — and  advocated  the  adoption 
of  Odocoileus  'for  our  white-tailed  deer,  and  rejected  Panallodon,  quite 
correctly,  on  its  insufficient  diagnosis.  It  becomes  a  question  worthy 
of  serious  consideration  whether  a  genus  founded  upon  some  fossil 
remains  of  an  otherwise  entirely  unknown  animal  of  a  past  age  should 
be  unhesitatingly  adopted  for  a  group  of  existing  species  that  may  be, 
in  the  majority  of  its  characters,  widely  different  from  the  extinct 
form.  Also  whether  it  is  not  inadvisable  to  adopt  any  genus  of 
Paleontology  in  any  branch  of  Zoology.  It  would  seem  that  the  rule 
forbidding  the  adoption  of  a  genus  in  a  branch  of  Zoology  if  already 


MAY,   1903.  A  LIST  OF  MAMMALS — ELLIOT.  181 

employed  in  any  other,  might  with  profit  be  also  made  applicable  to 
paleontological  genera,  in  which  case  Odocoileus,  even  if  it  could  be 
proved  to  stand  for  an  animal  akin  to  the  Virginian  deer,  would  not 
be  available  in  Mammalogy,  and  DORCELAPHUS,  Glog.  Handb. 
Naturg.,  1841,  p.  140  would  be  the  proper  generic  term  for  our  white- 
tailed  deer.  To  those  who  prefer  to  adopt  paleontological  genera 
in  Mammalogy,  Anoglochis,  Croiz.  and  Jobert.  Oss.  Foss.  Cervidae, 
1828,  antedating  Odocoileus,  as  suggested  by  Lydekker,  is  respectfully 
submitted.  Under  any  circumstances,  Odocoileus,  as  at  present 
denned,  is  most  unsatisfactory. 


ORDER   RODENTIA. 

FAM.    SCIURID^E. 

SUB.  FAM.  SCIURIN^E. 

SCIURUS. 

A.  HESPEROSCIURUS. 
Sciurus  griseus. 

Sciurus  griseus.  Ord,  Guth.  Geog.,  1815,  p.  292.  Elliot,  Syn. 
N.  Am.  Mamm.,  1901,  p.  55. 

Five  specimens:  2  from  Petaluma  and  i  from  Eureka,  California, 
2  from  Agness,  Curry  Co.,  Oregon. 

This  species  was  abundant  in  many  of  the  localities  visited  but 
only  the  above  specimens  were"  preserved. 

B.  TAMIASCIURUS. 
Sciurus  douglasi. 

Sciurus  douglasi.  Bach.,  Proc.  Zool.  Soc.,  1838,  p.  99.  Elliot, 
Syn.  N.  Am.  Mamm.,  1901,  p.  65. 

Thirteen  examples:  i,  Crescent  City,  California;  i,  Marshfield; 
2,  Goldbeach;  i,  Chetco;  6,  Gardiner;  and  2,  Beaverton,  Oregon. 

Crescent  City  is  the  southern  limit  of  the  range  of  this  species. 
Not  abundant. 

Sciurus  d.  mollipilosus. 

Sciurus  d.  mollipilosus.  Aud.  and  Bach.,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Scien., 
Phil.,  1842,  p.  102.  Elliot,  Syn.  N.  Am.  Mamm.,  1901,  p.  65. 

Fourteen  specimens:  5,  Mendocino,  2,  Requa,  California;  7,  Gold- 
beach,  Oregon. 

Apparently  abundant,  called  Pine  Squirrel  at  Requa. 


182  FIELD  COLUMBIAN  MUSEUM — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.   XI. 

S.  douglasi  and  S.  d.  mollipilosits  appear  to  intergrade  from  Crescent 
City,  California  and  Goldbeach,  Oregon,  for  specimens  from  these 
localities  may  be  attributed  to  either  and  are  typical  of  neither  form. 
The  tail  fringe  varies  in  color  from  yellowish  white  to  buff  in  the  vari- 
ous individuals,  but  never  as  white  as  in  mollipilosus,  nor  .as  deep  in 
hue  as  in  douglasi.  At  Marshfield  typical  douglasi  occurs,  and  the 
Crescent  City  specimen,  2  from  Goldbeach  and  i  from  Chetco,  I  have 
called  douglasi  as  the  tail  fringe  was  darker  than  in  the  others.  The 
Mendocino  specimens  were  taken  in  July,  and  the  pelage  is  worn  and 
consequently  is  grayer  than  the  fall  pelage  represented  by  the  others, 
and  at  that  season,  except  for  the  tail,  there  is  not  much  difference  to 
be  observed  between  the  forms.  Writing  of  S.  d.  mollipilosus,  Mr. 
Heller  says  "it  is  said  to  extend  northward  to  the  Rogue  River,  and 
perhaps  it  does  inland  in  the  Transition  zone,  but  along  the  coast  in 
the  Canadian  zone  the  Klamath  marks  its  northern  limit." 


TAMIAS. 

Tamias  townsendi  ochrogenys. 

Tamias  townsendi  ochrogenys.  Merr. ,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.,  Wash., 
1897,  p.  206.  Elliot,  Syn.  N.  Am.  Mamm.,  1901,  p.  71. 

Forty-four  specimens:  n,  Mendocino  (topotypes) ;  10,  Eureka; 
12,  Requa;  i,  Crescent  City,  California;  9,  Goldbeach;  i,  Agness, 
Oregon. 

Dr.  Merriam  separated  this  form  mainly  on  account  of  its  buff 
cheeks  and  underparts,  and  the  absence  of  the  black  stripe  between 
eye  and  nose.  The  Mendocino  examples  are  topotypes  and  answer  to 
Dr.  Merriam's  description,  except  two,  taken  as  we're  the  others,  in 
July,  which  have  the  underparts  grayish  white  with  the  barest  suspicion 
of  a  buff  tinge.  Otherwise  they  are  like  the  other  specimens  from  the 
same  locality.  One  example  from  Eureka  (August),  and  two  from 
Goldbeach  (September  and  October),  are  like  the  July  Mendocino 
specimen,  but  all  the  rest  from  Eureka,  Requa,  Crescent  City,  Gold- 
beach,  and  Agness  (July,  August,  and  September),  are  in  what  I  con- 
sider the  post-breeding  pelage,  being  much  brighter,  the  dorsal  stripes 
much  more  distinct,  and  the  rumps  in  the  majority  lighter  and  grayer. 
There  is  a  certain  amount  of  individual  variation  perceptible  among 
the  specimens,  as  is  usually  seen  in  all  species  of  Tamias  at  different 
seasons  of  the  year,  such  as  the  depth  of  coloring  on  the  sides  of  the 
body,  and  of  the  buff  on  the  underparts,  and  the  sharpness  and  clear- 
ness of  the  dorsal  stripes. 


MAY,   1903.  A  LIST  OF  MAMMALS — ELLIOT.  183 

Tamias  townsendi  littoralis. 

Tamias  townsendi  littoralis.  Elliot,  Pub.  Field  Columb.  Mus., 
1903,  in,  p.  153. 

Nineteen  examples:  10,  Marshfield ;  i,  Scottsburg;  4,  Florence; 
4,  Gardiner,  Oregon. 

This  sub-species  is  conspicuous  for  its  lack  of  gray  dorsal  stripes, 
and  the  presence  of  the  ochraceous  face  and  distinct  anteorbital  stripes 
and  white  underparts.  The  specimens  were  all  taken  in  November 
and  December  and  are  therefore  in  winter  pelage,  but  the  coat  is  not 
at  all  worn.  In  the  paper  in  which  this  race  was  described  I  gave  the 
differences  between  it  and  hindsi,  ochrogenys  and  townsendi. 

Tamias  townsendi  hindsi. 

Tamias  townsendi  hindsi.  Gray,  Ann.  and  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  1842, 
p.  264.  Elliot,  Syn.  N.  Am.  Mamm.,  1901,  p.  70. 

Twenty-three  specimens:  20,  Nicasio  (topptypes);  3,  Point  Reyes, 
California. 

C1TELLUS. 
Citellus  v.  douglasi. 

Citellus  v.  douglasi.  (Richards),  Faun.  Bor.  Amer.,  1829,  i,  p. 
172.  Elliot,  Syn.  N.  Am.  Mamm.,  1901,  p.  89,  under  Spermophilus. 

Nine  examples:  2,  Petaluma;  3,  Eureka,  California;  and  4  from 
Goldbeach,  Oregon. 

Considerable  variation  is  observable  among  these  specimens,  some 
having  the  lower  back  very  much  darker  than  the  others,  and  while 
the  black  patch  on  the  back  is  conspicuous  on  the  majority,  yet  two 
individuals  ffom  Goldbeach  have  little  "or  no  black  on  the  back  and. 
the  lower  back  and  rump  are  light  yellowish  brown  mottled  with  white 
as  is  seen  in  most  species  of  beecheyi.  As  a  rule,  the  hoary  tail  will 
serve  to  distinguish  douglasi  from  its  relatives,  but  not  always,  for 
sometimes,  as  is  the  case  of  one  of  these  Goldbeach  specimens,  the 
tail  fs  more  brown  than  hoary,  and  its  owner  might  be  placed  with 
either  race.  At  Goldbeach  this  spermophile  is  common  according  to 
Mr.  Heller  on  "rocky  open  hillsides,  and  is  said  to  hibernate  as  soon 
as  the  heavy  rains  commence  in  November."  At  Eureka  it  is  "abun- 
dant about  Scotia  in  grain- fields  and  pastures,  and  said  to  be  common 
inland,  not  found  close  to  Humboldt  Bay." 


184  FIELD  COLUMBIAN  MUSEUM — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XI. 

SUBFAM.   PTEROMYIN/E. 
SCIUROPTERUS. 

Sciurus  alpinus  oregonensis. 

Sciurus  alpinus  oregonensis.  Bach.,  Jour.  Acad.  Nat.  Scien.,  Phil., 
1839,  VIII,  p.  101. 

One  specimen:  Goldbeach,  Oregon. 

FAM.   HAPLODONTID^:. 
HAPLODONTIA. 

Haplodontia  pacifica. 

Haplodontia  pacifica.  Merr.,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.,  Wash.,  1899,  p.  19. 
Elliot,  Syn.  N.  Am.  Mamm.,  1901,  p.  114. 

Twenty-three  specimens:  i,  Agness,  Curry  Co.,  5,000  feet  alt.; 
8,  Gardiner;  and  14  Florence,  Oregon. 

Of  this  species  at  Gardiner,  Mr.  Heller  writes  that  it  was  "com- 
mon everywhere  on  ridges  and  side  hills.  Bunches  of  freshly  cut 
ferns  were  seen  about  the  entrances  of  the  burrows.  A  few  of  the 
fronds  were  carried  into  the  burrows,  but  the  greater  part  remained 
in  bunches  at  the  entrance.  The  fronds  were  all  cut  near  the  root- 
stock  and  were  placed  with  their  cut  ends  toward  the  burrow,  usually 
within  a  few  inches  of  the  opening.  Burrows  which  were  placed  in 
salal,  were  surrounded  by  freshly  cut  twigs  of  the  shrub."  At 
Florence  in  addition  to  the  ferns  and  salal  gathered  about  the 
burrows  "Oregon  grape"  was  also  frequently  present.  I  cannot  sepa- 
rate the  example  from  Agness  taken  at  a  high  elevation  from  the 
present  species. 

Haplodontia  phaea. 

Haplodontia  phaea.  Merr.,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.,  Wash.,  1899,  p.  20. 
Elliot,  Syn.  N.  Am.  Mamm.,  1901,  p.  114. 

Ten  examples:  2,  Nicasio;  2,  Point  Reyes  (topotypes) ;  6,  Eureka, 
California. 

A  few  colonies  of  this  species  occur  at  Nicasio  (which  is  appar- 
ently its  eastern  limit),  at  the  head  of  two  or  three  canons  in  moist 
places  on  the  hillside.  At  Point  Reyes,  the  type  locality,  only  a  few 
burrows  were  seen,  but  the  species  was  said  to  be  much  more  common 
on  the  coast  slope  of  the  hills  which  in  places,  are  stated  to  be  covered 
with  them.  At  Eureka  this  animal  was  "abundant  in  forests,  on  damp 
hillsides,  and  along  streams.  It  is  said  to  live  only  in  places  where 
it  can  burrow  down  to  water.  They  seldom  dig  their  burrows  in  culti- 


MAY,   1903.  A  LIST  OF  MAMMALS — ELLIOT.  185 

vated  fields,  and  if  any  are  present  it  is  only  where  the  brush  is  still 
standing.  The  burrows  are  usually  placed  amid  patches  of  ferns  on 
the  rootstocks  of  which  they  subsist." 


FAM. 

PEROMYSCUS. 

Peromyscus  texensis  gambeli. 

Peromyscus  texensis  gambeli.  (Baird),  N.  Am.  Mamm.,  1857, 
p.  464.  Elliot,  Syn.  N.  Am.  Mamm.,  1901,  p.  130. 

Twelve  specimens:  8,  Nicasio;  4,  Petaluma. 

Peromyscus  austerus. 

Peromyscus  austerus.  (Baird),  Acad.  Nat.  Scien.,  Phil.,  1855,  p. 
336.  Elliot,  Syn.  N.  Am.  Mamm.,  1901,  p.  132. 

Fifty-nine  examples:  16,  Goldbeach;  2,  Agness;  5,  Grant's  Pass; 
3,  Marshfield;  5,  Scottsburg;  20,  Gardiner;  6,  Florence;  2,  McCoy, 
Oregon. 

There  is  considerable  variation  in  the  measurements  among  the 
specimens  of  this  series,  averaging  considerably  larger  than  those 
given  in  my  Synopsis,  which  must  be  regarded  as  belonging  to  an 
undersized  individual.  The  smallest  are  from  Grant's  Pass,  the  meas- 
urements of  which  range  in  total  length,  154-179;  tail  vertebrae,  60-89; 
hind  foot,  21-22.5;  ear,  16-18.5  a^  adults;  and  the  largest  are  from 
Gardiner,  179-198;  86-101;  22-24;  18-20,  with  Goldbeach  a  close 
second  with  175-200;  85-100;  21.5-22.5;  18.5-20.  The  coloring  also 
varies  somewhat,  some  being  lighter  than  others,  but  it  is  a  dark 
colored  species  almost  black  in  some  specimens,  making  any  light 
shade  conspicuous. 

Peromyscus  perimekurus. 

Peromyscus  perimekurus.  Elliot,  Pub.  Field  Columb.  Mus.,  1903, 
in.  p.  156,  Zoology. 

Seven  specimens:  5,  Goldbeach;   i,  Florence;   i,  Agness. 

This  form  is  distinguished  from  P.  austerus  by  a  larger  size  and 
very  long  tail,  and  lighter  coloring. 

Peromyscus  oreas  rubidus. 

Peromyscus  oreas  rubidus.  Osgood,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.,  Wash.,  1901, 
p.  193.  Elliot,  Syn.  N.  Am.  Mamm.,  1901,  p.  134. 

Forty -five  specimens:  8,  Mendocino  (topotypes);  2,  Point  Reyes; 
10,  Eureka;  18,  Requa;  7,  Crescent  City,  California. 


1 86  FIELD  COLUMBIAN  MUSEUM — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XI. 

Peromyscus  dyselius. 

Peromyscus  dyselius.      Elliot,  Pub.  Field  Columb.  Mus.,  1898,  i, 
p.  207,  Zool.      Elliot,  Syn.  N.  Am.  Mamm.,  1901,  p.  138. 
Two  examples  from  Grant's  Pass,  Oregon. 

RHITHRODONTOMYS. 
Rhithrodontomys  longicaudus. 

Rhithrodontomys  longicaudus.  Baird,  Mamm.  N.  Am.,  1857,  p. 
451.  Elliot,  Syn.  N.  Am.  Mamm.,  1901,  p.  151. 

Eleven  specimens:  i,  Nicasio;  8,  Petaluma  (topotypes);  i,  Mendo- 
cino;  i,  Eureka,  California. 

Eureka,  I  believe,  is  the  most  northerly  locality  in  which  this 
species  has  been  obtained. 

Rhithrodontomys  klamathensis? 

Rhithrodontomys  klamathensis.  Merr. ,  N.  Am.  Faun.,  No.  16, 
1899,  p.  93.  Elliot,  Syn.  N.  Am.  Mamm.,  1901,  p.  152. 

One  specimen  from  Grant's  Pass,  Oregon. 

General  character:  Smaller  than  R.  klamathensis,  tail  and  hind  foot 
shorter,  rostrum  long. 

Color:  General  color  grayish  buff;  back  of  head  and  back  heavily 
lined  with  black  causing  the  dorsal  region  to  be  almost  black;  narrow 
lateral  line  ochraceous;  under  parts  white,  plumbeous  of  under  fur 
showing  through;  feet  and  hands  white;  tail  above  dusky,  beneath 
white,  ears  pale  brown. 

Measurements:  Total  length,  130;  tail  vertebrae,  63;  hind  foot, 
18;  ear,  15;  skull,  occipito-nasal  length,  21;  Hensel,  15;  zygomatic 
width,  ii ;  interorbital  constriction,  3;  length  of  nasals,  8;  palatal  arch 
to  alveoli  of  incisors,  8;  length  of  mandible,  angle  to  alveoli  of 
incisors,  9. 

The  only  species  that  this  form  can  be  compared  with  is  R.  klama- 
thensis, from  central  northern  California  and  Klamath  County,  Oregon, 
from  which  it  differs  in  its  smaller  size  and  much  shorter  tail,  and  in 
its  darker  coloration  on  upper  parts.  The  specimen  is  a  young  adult, 
and  this  may  possibly  account  for  the  smaller  measurements.  I  refer 
it  provisionally  to  R.  klamathensis  Merr. 

SUBFAM.   NEOTOMIN.E. 

NEOTOMA. 
Neotoma  fuscipes. 

Neotoma  fuscipes.  Baird,  Mamm.  N.  Am.,  1857,  p.  495. 
Elliot,  Syn.  N.  Am.  Mamm. ,1901,  p.  158. 


MAY,    1903.  A  LIST  OF  MAMMALS — ELLIOT.  187 

Thirty-four  specimens:  9,  Nicasio;  7,  Petaluma  (topotypes);  4, 
Point  Reyes;  2,  Mendocino;  i,  Requa,  California;  9,  Goldbeach; 
2,  Grant's  Pass,  Oregon. 

TEONOMA. 

Teonoma  cinerea  occidentalis. 

Neotoma  cinerea  occidentalis:  .Baird,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Scien., 
Phila.,  1855,  p.  335.  Elliot,  Syn.  N.  Am.  Mamm.,  1901,  p.  164. 

Two  specimen's  from  Requa,  California. 

These  two  examples  appear  referable  to  this  species,  and  Requa 
is  apparently  the  southern  limit  of  Teonoma  on  the  coast.  Requa  .is 
out  of  the  range  of  occidentalis  as  heretofore  given,  but  I  am  unable  to 
place  these  specimens  with  any  other  species.  They  differ  from  T.  f. 
apicalis  in  having  no  white  tip  to  their  tails  and  are  lighter  in  color 
generally,  but  not  at  all  like  Teonoma  cinerea. 

Teonoma  fusca. 

Neotoma  occidentalis  fusca.  True,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  Wash., 
1894,  p.  354.  Elliot,  Syn.  N.  Am.  Mamm.,  1901,  p.  165. 

Nine  examples  from  Florence,  Oregon. 

The  differences  displayed  by  this  form  from  T.  c.  occidentalis  would 
seem  to  entitle  it  to  a  distinct  specific  rank.  At  Florence  Mr.  Heller 
says  this  species  was  "common  about  old  houses,  logs,  and  hollow 
trees  in  the  forest,  and  in  such  places  they  build  their  nests  of  moss 
and  sticks.  None  secured  here  with  white-tipped  tails  (N.  f.  apicalis} 
as  at  Gardiner. " 

Teonoma  fusca  apicalis. 

Neotoma  fusca  apicalis.  Elliot,  Pub.  Field  Columb.  Mus.,  in, 
19°3»  P-  J6o,  Zoology. 

Seven  specimens  from  Gardiner,  Oregon. 

The  great  differences  exhibited  between  the  scaly  and  bushy- 
tailed  wood-rats  both  in  their  pelage,  tail  covering,  and  cranial  char- 
acters would  seem  to  make  it  necessary  to  separate  them  as  distinct 
genera  instead  of  leaving  the  bushy-tailed  species  in  a  subgeneric 
division.  The  bushy,  squirrel-like  tail,  and  the  elongated  rostrum, 
widely  spreading  zygomata  at  posterior  roots,  long,  narrow  sagittal 
area,  with  broadest  part  behind,  and  great  interorbital  constriction 
exhibited  by  the  skulls  of  the  members  of  TEONOMA  would  make  them 
easily  recognizable  from  the  scaly-tailed  species  of  NEOTOMA,  even  if 
there  were  no  differences  in  the  outside  covering.  I  have  therefore 
here  raised  TEONOMA  to  full  generic  rank.  Mr.  Heller  says  this  rat 


1 88  FIELD  COLUMBIAN  MUSEUM — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.   XI. 

is  "found  usually  about  deserted  buildings.     Apparently  they  do  not 
build  nests,  but  live  in  the  rock  piles." 

EVOTOMYS. 
Evotomys  obscurus. 

Evotomys  obscurus.  Merr.,  Pfoc.  Biol.  Soc.,  Wash.,  1897,  p.  72. 
Elliot,  Syn.  N.  Am.  Mamm.,  1901,  p.  176. 

One  specimen  from  Grant's  Pass,  Oregon. 

This  is  the  only  representative  of  this  genus  in  the  collection  and 
must  be  rare  on  the  coast. 

MICROTUS. 

A.   MICROTUS. 

Microtus  canicaudus. 

Microtus  canicaudus.  Miller,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.,  Wash.,  1897,  p.  67. 
Elliot,  Syn.  N.  Am.  Mamm.,  1901,  p.  185. 

Seven  specimens:  6,  McCoy  (topotypes);   i,   Beaverton,  Oregon. 

Microtus  californicus. 

Microtus.  californicus.  (Peale),  Mamm.  U.  S.  Expl.  Exped.,  1848, 
p.  46.  Elliot,  Syn.  N.  Am.  Mamm.,  1901,  p.  186. 

Forty-two  examples:  21,  Nicasio  (topotypes);  5,  Point  Reyes; 
n,  Petaluma,  California;  5,  Grant's  Pass,  Oregon. 

This  species  in  Nicasio,  the  type  locality,  is  now  confined  to 
fenced  fields,  and  roadsides.  In  other  places  the  cattle,  says  Mr. 
Heller,  "have  stamped  out  their  burrows  and  driven  them  away  from 
all  the  pastures  and  hillsides."  The  northern  limit  of  this  vole  is  the 
Klamath  River  on  the  coast. 

Microtus  c.  constrictus. 

Microtus  c.  constrictus.  Bailey,  N.  Am.  Faun.,  1900,  No.  17,  p. 
36.  Elliot,  Syn.  N.  Am.  Mamm.,  1901,  p.  186. 

Twenty-five  examples:  9,  Mendocino;   16,  Eureka,  California. 

The  type  of  this  species  came  from  the  coast  of  California  near 
Cape  Mendocino,  at  Capetown  (Bailey  1.  c.).  None  of  the  specimens 
in  this  collection  came  from  exactly  this  locality,  but  not  far  away  on 
both  the  north  and  south  as  given  above.  I  have  referred  them  to  the 
present  species,  but  they  are  so  close  to  M.  angusticeps,  that  it  is 
almost  impossible  to  distinguish  them  from  each  other,  and  I  have 
no  topotypes  of  the  present  species  to  assist  me.  Eureka  and 
Crescent  City,  the  latter  the  type  locality  of  M.  angusticeps,  are  not 
a  great  distance  apart,  and  Eureka  is  close  to  Cape  Mendocino,  the 
type  locality  of  M.  constrictus.  These  two  forms  exemplify  the  great 


MAY,   1903.  A  LIST  OF  MAMMALS — ELLIOT.  189 

difficulty  any  one  experiences  when  endeavoring  to  distinguish  the 
closely  allied  races  of  this  perplexing  genus. 

Microtus  townsendi. 

Microtus  townsendi.  (Bachm.),  Jour.  Acad.  Nat.  Scien.,  Phila., 
1839,  p.  60.  Elliot,  Syn.  N.  Am.  Mamm.,  1901,  p.  190. 

Twenty-nine  specimens:  20,  Eureka,  California;  8,  Marshfield; 
i,  McCoy,  Oregon. 

Mr.  Heller  says  this  species  was  "common  about  tide-water,  with 
habits  very  similar  to  those  of  the  muskrat.  They  tunnel  into  the 
dykes  and  river  banks,  building  runways  and  holes  which  have  an 
entrance  beneath  the  water  like  Fiber.  Besides  these  tunnels  about 
banks,  they  construct  runways  through  the  grass  in  meadows  like 
other  species  of  Microtus.  Several  were  observed  diving  from  their 
slides  along  the  banks  of  streams.  Some  were  caught  in  traps  set 
beneath  the  water  for  Fiber.  Grass  is  the  only  material  I  have  seen 
this  species  collect  and  carry  into  their  nests." 

Microtus  angusticeps. 

Microtus  angusticeps.  Bailey.  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.,  Wash.,  1898,  p. 
86.  Elliot,  Syn.  N.  Am.  Mamm.,  1901,  p.  192. 

Forty  specimens:    10,    Requa;    10,  Crescent  City  (topotypes), 
California;  20,  Goldbeach,  Oregon. 

This  vole  Mr.  Heller  says  was  abundant  everywhere  near  Crescent 
City  from  swamps  to  grain-fields,  replacing  M.  californicus^  which 
extends  no  farther  north  on  the  coast  than  the  Klamath  River. 

B.  CHILOTUS. 
Microtus  oregoni. 

Microtus  oregoni.  (Bachm.),  Jour.  Acad.  Nat.  Scien.,  Phila., 
1839,  p.  60..  Elliot,  Syn.  N.  Am.  Mamm.,  1901,  p.  200. 

Twenty-one  examples:  10,  Eureka;  2,  Requa,  California;  4, 
Goldbeach;  5,  Beaverton,  Oregon. 

Two  color  phases  are  exhibited  in  this  series,  a  dark  phase  (one 
specimen  from  Goldbeach  being  almost  black)  and  the  usual  red- 
dish hue. 

FIBER. 
Fiber  occipitalis. 

Fiber  occipitalis.  Elliot,  Pub.  Field  Columb.  Mus.,  in,  1903, 
p.  162,  Zoology. 

Four  specimens  from  Florence,  Oregon. 


190  FIELD  COLUMBIAN  MUSEUM — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.   XI. 

Fiber  spatulatus. 

Fiber  spatulatus.  Osgood,  N.  Am.  Faun.,  No.  19,  p.  36.  Elliot, 
Syn.  N.  Am.  Mamm.,  1901,  p.  214. 

One  specimen  from  Beaverton,  Oregon. 

I  place  this  example  as  F.  spatulatus  with  a  doubt.  It  differs 
from  F.  occipitalis  in  being  smaller  in  all  its  measurements,  and  of  a 
different  color,  not  so  rufous,  and  in  having  broader  shorter  nasals, 
these  measuring,  in  total  length,  19.5;  anterior  breadth,  n;  posterior 
breadth,  3;  the  type  of  F.  occipitalis  having  the  nasals  22,  10,  4,  respect- 
ively. Unfortunately  the  entire  posterior  half  of  the  skull  belonging 
to  the  specimen  is  wanting,  and  so  no  comparison  can  be  made  to 
ascertain  if  it  possesses  the  peculiar  arch  in  the  occipital  outline. 

FAM.  GEOMYIDyE. 
THOMOMYS. 

A.  MEGASCAPHEUS. 
Thomomys  bulbivorus. 

Thomomys  bulbivorus.  (Richards),  Faun.  Bor.  Amer. ,  1829,  i, 
p.  206,  pi.  18  B.  Elliot,  Syn.  N.  Am.  Mamm.,  1901,  p.  222. 

Twelve  specimens:   7,  Beaverton;  5,  McCoy,  Oregon. 

The  examples  from  Beaverton  are  darker  generally  than  those 
from  McCoy,  probably  on  account  of  age;  the  slaty  plumbeous  pre- 
dominating. Mr.  G.  S.  Miller  has  called  attention,  in  his  paper  on 
this  species  (Proc.  Biol.  Soc.,  Wash.,  1893,  p.  113),  to  the  conspicuous 
differences  the  T.  bulbivorus  exhibits  in  its  skull  from  other  species, 
notably  T.  bottce  with  which  he  compared  it.  The  central  surface  of 
the  exoccipital  next  the  condyle  is  occupied  by  a  deep  groove  running 
obliquely  to  the  axis  of  the  skull,  while  in  botta  this  is  flat;  the  audital 
bullae  are  flatter  and  less  inflated.  The  pterygoids  are  very  broad 
laterally,  strongly  concave  internally,  with  the  hamuli  converging  at 
the  tips.  The  shape  of  the  pterygoids  with  their  converging  hamuli 
seems  to  be  an  important  character,  sufficiently  so  with  the  others 
named  and  the  great  size  of  the  species  to  separate  it  subgenerically 
from  all  others  of  the  genus  THOMOMYS.  Its  great  size  alone  would 
serve  to  distinguish  jt  at  any  time.  I  would  therefore  propose  for  this 
species  *MEGASCAPHEUS  as  a  subgeneric  term,  distinguished  by  the 
characters  already  mentioned. 

Mr.  Heller  found  this  species  fairly  common  in  the  vicinity  of 
Beaverton,  but  they  dwelt,  as  he  writes,  in  such  a  low,  wet'country 

*  pfyas,  great,  and  ax.a<psi>s,  a  digger. 


MAY,   1903.  A  'LIST  OF  MAMMALS — ELLIOT.  191 

that  it  was  difficult    to   trap   them   during   the   rainy   season.     They 
were  especially  common  in  the  onion  beds  of  vegetable  gardens. 

B.  THOMOMYS. 
Thomomys  leucodon. 

Thomomys  leucodon.  Merr. ,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.,  Wash.,  1897, 
p.  215.  Elliot,  Syn.  N.  Am.  Mamm.,  1901,  p.  223. 

Six  specimens  (topotypes),  Grant's  Pass,  Rogue  River  Valley, 
Oregon. 

Thomomys  bottae. 

Thomomys  bottae.  (Edy.  and  Gerv.),  Mag.  Zool.,  1836,  p.  23, 
pi.  xxi.,  fig.  4  (teeth).  Elliot,  Syn.  N.  Am.  Mamm.,  1901,  p.  223. 

Twelve  examples:  i,  Nacasio;  6,  Petaluma;  i,  Mendocino;  4, 
Requa,  California. 

Thomomys  laticeps. 

.  Thomomys  laticeps.  Baird,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Scien.,  Phila. ,  1855, 
p.  335.  Elliot,  Syn.  N.  Am.  Mamm.,  1901,  p.  224. 

Thirty-one  specimens:  16,  Eureka  (Table  Bluff,  Humboldt  Bay, 
topotypes);  6,  Requa;  9,  Crescent  City,  California. 

Mr.  Heller  states  that  this  species  was  abundant  on  the  hillsides 
about  the  Bay,  but  not  found  about  Scotia,  or  in  the  redwood  timber. 
Many  of  the  specimens  from  Humboldt  Bay  and  occasionally  one  from 
Crescent  City  have  the  lower  incisors  pure  white  as  in  T.  leucodon 
which  lessens  the  specific  value  of  that  character  considerably. 

Thomomys  helleri. 

Thomomys  helleri.  Elliot,  Pub.  Field  Columb.  Mus.,  in,  1903, 
p.  165,  Zoology. 

Eleven  specimens  from  Goldbeach,  Oregon. 


FAM.  ZAPODID^. 

ZAPUS. 
Zapus  trinotatus. 

Zapus  trinotatus.  Rhoads,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Scien.,  Phil.,  1894, 
p.  421.  Elliot,  Syn.  N.  Am.  Mamm.,  1901,  p.  261. 

Twenty-five  specimens:  6,  Crescent  City;  4,  Requa;  n,  Eureka, 
California;  4,  Goldbeach,  Oregon. 

In  this  series  great  differences  are  observable  in  size  and  colora- 
tion among  the  specimens,  caused  by  age  and  change  of  pelage  from 
the  summer  to  autumn  when  the  dull-hued  flanks  are  assumed.  This 


192  FIELD  COLUMBIAN  MUSEUM — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.   XL 

change  evidently  takes  place  irregularly  among  individuals,  for  certain 
ones  taken  at  the  same  place  on  the  same  day  exhibit  in  the  one  the 
ochraceous  buff  sides,  in  the  other  the  dull  yellow  sides.  Any  one 
not  conversant  with  this  change  of  pelage  might  be  misled  into  think- 
ing there  were  two  species. 


FAM.   LEPORIDyE. 
LEPUS. 

A.   SlLVILAGUS. 

Lepus  floridanus  ubericolor. 

Lepus  floridanus  ubericolor.  Miller,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Scien., 
Phil.,  1899,  p.  383.  Elliot,  Syn.  N.  Am.  Mamm.,  1901,  p.  282. 

Twenty  specimens:  2,  Requa,  California;  5,  Goldbeach;  8, 
Florence;  5,  Beaverton  (topotypes),  Oregon. 

B.  MICROLAGUS. 
Lepus  bachmani. 

Lepus  bachmani.  Waterh.,  Proc.  Zool.  Soc.,  1838,  p.  103.  Elliot, 
Syn.  N.  Am.  Mamm.,  1901,  p.  281. 

Ten  examples:  3,  Nicasio;  2,  Petaluma;  i,  Point  Reyes;  i,  Men- 
docino;  3,  Eureka,  California. 

This  species  does  not  seern  to  go  farther  north,  at  least  on  the 
coast,  than  Eureka,  as  the  specimens  from  Requa  cannot  be  separated 
from  L.  f.  ubericolor,  and  somewhere  between  these  places  would  seem 
to  be  the  respective  northern  and  southern  littoral  boundaries  of  the 
two  forms.  How  far  in  the  interior  either  of  the  two  extends  its 
limits  beyond  these  points,  or  if  it  does  so  at  all,  I  am  not  at  present 
able  to  state. 


ORDER  CARNIVORA. 

FAM.   FELID.E. 
FELIS. 

A.  LYNCHUS. 
Felis  rufa  oculea. 

Felis  rufa  oculea.      (Bangs),  Proc.  N.  E.  Zool.  Club,  1899,  p.  23. 
Elliot,  Syn.  N.  Am.  Mamm.,  1901,  p.  297. 

One  specimen  from  Nicasio  (topotype),  California. 


MAY,   1903.  A  LIST  OF  MAMMALS-I— ELLIOT.  193 

FAM.  CANID.E. 
UROCYON. 

Urocyon  cinereo-argenteus  californicus. 

Urocyon  cinereo-argenteus  californicus.    Mearns,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat. 
Mus.,  Wash.,  1897,  p.  459.      Elliot,  Syn.  N.  Am.  Mamm.,  1901,  p.  308. 
Two  specimens:   i,  Mendocino;   i,  Nicasio,  California. 

FAM.   PROCYONIDyE. 

PROCYON. 
Procyon  lotor  hernandezi. 

Procyon  lotor  hernandezi.  Wagl.,  Isis,  1831,  p.  514.  Elliot, 
Syn.  N.  Am.  Mamm.,  1901,  p.  317. 

One  specimen :  Goldbeach  Oregon. 

FAM.   MUSTELID.E. 

SUBFAM.   MELIN.E. 

MEPHITIS. 
Mephitis  occidentalis. 

Mephitis  occidentalis.  Baird,  Mamm.  N.  Am.,  1857,  p.  195. 
Elliot,  Syn.  N.  Am.  Mamm.,  1901,  p.  324. 

Seven  examples:  i,  Point  Reyes;  5,  Requa,  California;  i,  Marsh- 
field,  Oregon. 

The  specimens  from  Requa  have  the  white  stripes  on  the  back 
very  much  narrower  than  is  exhibited  by  those  from  other  localities, 
the  examples  from  Point  Reyes  and  Marshfield  being  exactly  alike  in 
this  respect.  The  skulls  of  the  Requa  specimens  are  also  much  larger 
in  every  way. 

SPILOGALE. 
Spilogale  phenax. 

Spilogale   phenax.      Merr. ,   N.   Am.   Faun.,   No.   4,    1890,    p.    13. 
Elliot,  Syn.  N.  Am.  Mamm.,  1901,  p.  331. 
Six  specimens  from  Petaluma,  California. 

Spilogale  p.  latifrons. 

Spilogale  p.  latifrons.  Merr.,  N.  Am.  Faun.,  No.  4,  1890,  p.  15. 
Elliot,  Syn.  N.  Am.  Mamm.,  1901,  p.  331. 

Fifteen  specimens:  3,  Goldbeach;  4,  Marshfield;  5,  Gardiner; 
3,  Beaverton,  Oregon. 


194  FIELD  COLUMBIAN  MUSEUM — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.   XI. 

These  examples  are  of  large  size  with  buff  stripes  and  spots.  The 
last  molar  is  smaller  than  that  of  S.  phenax, 

PUTORIUS. 

A.   LUTREOLA. 

Putorius  vison  energumenus. 

Putorius  vison  energumenus.  Bangs,  Proc.  Bost.  Soc.  Nat.  Hist., 
1896,  p.  5,  pi.  n,  fig.  3.  Elliot,  Syn.  N.  Am.  Mamm.,  1901,  p.  340. 

Two  specimens:  Goldbeach,  Oregon. 

B.  ARCTOGALE. 
Putorius  streatori. 

Putorius  streatori.  Merr. ,  N.  Am.  Faun.,  No.  n,  1896,  p.  13. 
Elliot,  Syn.  N.  Am.  Mamm.,  1901,  p.  345. 

Four  specimens:  2,  Goldbeach;  i,  Gardiner;  i,  Beaverton,  Oregon. 

Putorius  xanthogenys  mundus. 

Putorius  xanthogenys  mundus.  Bangs,  Proc.  N.  E.  Zool.  Club, 
1899,  p.  56.  Elliot,  Syn.  N.  Am.  Mamm.,  1901,  p.  350. 

Two  specimens:  i,  Nicasio;   i,  Point  Reyes  (topotype),  California. 

Putorius  xanthogenys  oregonensis. 

Putorius  xanthogenys  oregonensis.      Merr.,   N.   Am.   Faun.,   No. 
n,  1896,  p.  25.      Elliot,  Syn.  N.  Am.  Mamm.,  1901,  p.  350. 
Three  examples  from  Goldbeach,  Oregon. 

ORDER  INSECTIVORA. 

FAM.   SORICID^E. 
SOREX. 

Sorex  vagrans. 

Sorex  vagrans.  Baird,  Mamm.  N.  Am.,  1857,  p.  15,  pi.  xxvi, 
fig-  *675.  Elliot,  Syn.  N.  Am.  Mamm.,  1901,  p.  370. 

Twenty-seven  specimens:   i,    Mendocino;   5,   Eureka;   i,   Requa; 

1,  Crescent  City,  California;  7,  Grant's  Pass;  2,  Gardiner;  8,  McCoy; 

2,  Beaverton,  Oregon. 

These  examples  were  taken  in  the  months  of  August,  September, 
and  January,  and  exhibit  the  different  pelages  assumed  in  summer  and 
winter,  those  taken  in  August  having  the  russet  coat,  those  in  Sep- 
tember having  both  the  russet  and  the  blackish  brown  coat  of  winter, 
even  in  the  same  locality,  and  the  January  ones,  of  course,  the  very 
dark  pelage.  In  the  winter  and  summer  coats  individuals  present  a 
very  different  appearance. 


MAY,    1903. 


A  LIST  OF  MAMMALS — ELLIOT. 


195 


Sorex  montereyensis. 

Sorex  montereyensis.      Merr.,  N.  Am.  Faun.,  No.  10,  1895,  p.  79. 
Thirty-one  specimens:   16,  Nicasio;  5,  Point  Reyes;  3,  Petaluma; 
2,  Mendocino;  4,  Eureka;   i,  Requa,  California. 

Sorex  trowbridgii. 

Sorex  trowbridgii.  Baird,  Mamm.  N.  Am.,  1857,  p.  13.  Elliot, 
Syn.  N.  Am.  Mamm.,  1901,  p.  373. 

Eighteen  examples:  5,  Goldbeach;   13,  Marshfield,  Oregon. 

These  specimens  are  not  typical  and  exhibit  a  tendency  toward 
S.  montereyensis,  but  I  refer  them  provisionally  to  S.  trowbridgii. 

Sorex  pacificus. 

Sorex  pacificus.  Baird,  Bull.  U.  S.  Geol.  and  Geog.  Surv. , 
1877,  in,  p.  650.  Elliot,  Syn.  N.  Am.  Mamm.,  1901,^3.  375. 

Forty-four  specimens:  3,  Mendocino;  16,  Requa;  13,  Eureka; 
i,  Crescent  City,  California;  5,  Goldbeach;  2,  Marshfield;  2,  Gardi- 
ner, Oregon.  *  *. 

The  specimens  of  this  series  are  very  uniform  in  coloration,  a 
slight  depth  in  hue  being  noticeable  in  the  winter  pelage. 

ATOPHYRAX. 

Atophyrax  bendirii. 

Atophyrax  bendirii.  Merr.,  N.  Am.  Faun.,  No.  10,  1895,  p.  95. 
Elliot,  Syn.  N.  Am.  Mamm.,  1901,  p.  381. 

Sorex  bendirii  palmer  i.  Merr.,  N.  Am.  Faun.,  No.  10,  1895,  p.  97, 
pi.  xii,  figs.  1-3.  Elliot,  Syn.  N.  Am.  Mamm.,  1901,  p.  381. 

Five  specimens:  i,  Mendocino;  i,  Requa,  California;  2,  Gold- 
beach;  i,  Marshfield,  Oregon. 

I  refer  these  examples  to  this  species,  a.lthough  their  measure- 
ments are  much  greater  than  those  given  by  Dr.  Merriam  (1.  c.)  for 
his  type  and  other  specimens,  indeed  some  even  exceeding  those  given 
for  A.  b.  palmeri.  The  following  are  Dr.  Merriam's  measurements  for 
his  species  and  subspecies,  and  also  those  for  my  examples.  Dr. 
Merriam's  are  the  first  three: 


Total 
length. 

Tail 
vertebrae. 

Hind 
foot. 

Locality. 

A,  bendirii. 
A.  bendirii. 
A  .  b.  palmer 
A.  bendirii 

Tvpe  

ISO. 

I50-3 
165. 
I5Q. 
I76. 
1  60. 
172. 
164. 

68. 
69.7 
73- 

•IS 
£ 

68. 

20. 
19.7 
20. 
20. 
21.5 
21.5 
22. 
21. 

Klamath  Basin,  Ore. 
Mendocino  Co.,  Calif. 
Astoria,  Ore. 
Mendocino,  Calif. 
Requa,  Calif. 
Goldbeach,  Ore. 
Goldbeach,  Ore'. 
Marshfield,  Ore. 

Average  of  3  spec.- 
i.    TV  DC.  - 

.-/.  bendirii  . 

A.  bendirii  . 

A.  bendirii  ~ 

A.  bendirii  . 

196  FIELD  COLUMBIAN  MUSEUM  —  ZOOLOGY,  VOL.   XI. 

From  these  measurements  it  would  naturally  be  inferred  that 
A.  bendirii  varies  considerably  in  its  dimensions  like  all  other  species 
of  mammals,  for  even  a  California  example  is  much  larger  than  the 
type  of  A.  b.  palmeri,  separated  on  account  of  its  size,  which  character 
can  hardly  be  considered  to  be  sufficient  to  distinguish  the  two  forms, 
and  in  the  absence  of  any  other  will  necessitate  the  reduction  of 
A.  b.  palmeri  to  a  synonym  of  A.  bendirii. 


FAM. 
SUBFAM.   MYOGALIN^E. 
NEUROTRICHUS. 

Neiirotrichus  gibbsi  major. 

Neiirotrichus  gibbsi  major.  Merr.,  N.  Am.  Faun.,  No.  16,  1899, 
p.  88.  Elliot,  Syn.  N.  Am.  Mamm.,  1901,  p.  387. 

Seven  specimens:  6,  Eureka,   California;   i,  Goldbeach,   Oregon. 

I  refer  these  specimens  to  this  species  as  they  all  possess  a  dis- 
tinct anterior  cusp  on  the  cingulum  of  the  large  premolar,  this  being 
absent  in  examples  of  N.  gibbsi.  The  extreme  dimensions  of  the 
specimens  are,  total  length,  113-125;  tail  vertebrae,  38-42;  hind  foot, 

i5-5-l6-5- 

Of  this  species  Mr.  Heller  writes  that  its  "habits  are  said  to  be 
similar  to  those  of  Sorex,  that  is,  no  runways  are  made  as  is  the  case 
with  Scapanus,  but  they  appear  to  live  like  shrews  under  logs,  etc. 
Food  not  known,  but  perhaps  different  from  Sorex,  as  they  will  not 
take  bait,  such  as  bacon,  in  the  traps." 

SCAPANUS. 
Scapanus  townsendi. 

Scapanus  townsendi.  (Bachman),  Jour.  Acad.  Nat.  Scien.,  Phil., 
1839,  viii,  pi.  i,  p.  58.  Elliot,  Syn.  N.  Am.  Mamm.,  1901,  p.  391. 

Four  specimens:  3,  Crescent  City,  California;  i,  Goldbeach, 
Oregon. 

These  four  examples  are  very  large,  much  larger  than  the  type, 
and  measure  in  the  extremes  as  follows:  Total  length,  208-231;  tail 
vertebras,  42-46;  hind  foot,  26-28. 

At  Eureka  Mr.  Heller  states  this  species  was  "fairly  common 
throughout  the  redwood  forests,  and  in  moist  bottom  land.  Several 
skins  preserved  by  the  farmers  were  examined,  all  of  this  species:  one 
skin  had  large  white  anal  and  pectoral  patches."  At  Crescent  City  this 
mole  was  "abundant  in  black  bottom  soil;  rarely  found  in  red  soil." 


MAY,   1903.  A  LIST  OF  MAMMALS — ELLIOT.  197 

Scapanus  orarius. 

Scapanus  orarius.  True,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. ,  1897,  p.  52. 
Elliot,  Syn.  N.  Am.  Mamm. ,  1901,  p.  392. 

Three  specimens:   i,  Mendocino;  2,  Crescent  City,  California. 

The  type  of  this  species  came  from  Shoalwater  Bay,  Washington, 
and  the  range  is  given  by  Dr.  True  as  the  "sea  coast  of  Washington 
and  Oregon  from  the  Coquille  River  northward  and  along  the  shores 
of  Puget  Sound  to  Simiahmoo  and  to  Chiloweyuck  Depot  and  Sumas, 
British  Columbia,  and  Fort  Walla  Walla,  Washington."  Now  all  these 
localities  are  far  to  the  north  of  those  from  which  the  specimens 
obtained  by  Mr.  Heller  came,  and  Crescent  City,  California,  has  pro- 
duced both  species,  yet  i  am  unable  to  refer  the  three  examples  to  any 
other  than  Dr.  True's  species.  Their  extreme  measurements  are: 
Total  length,  168-174;  tail  vertebrae,  35-39;  hind  foot,  20.5-21;  larger, 
it  will  be  observed,  than  the  dimensions  given  by  Dr.  True  of  his  type, 
but  in  the  same  proportion  to  the  specimens  of  S.  townsendi  from 
Crescent  City,  as  those  exceed  the  type  of  that  species.  It  would 
seem  that  both  forms  are  larger  in  the  southern  part  of  their  range.  I 
am  not  aware  that  5.  orarius  has  been  recorded  before  so  far  to  the 
south. 

Scapanus  californicus. 

Scapanus  californicus.  (Ayres),  Proc.  Calif.  Acad.  Scien.,  1855, 
i,  p.  54.  Elliot,  Syn.  N.  Am.  Mamm.,  1901,  p.  392. 

Two  specimens  from  Mendocino,  California. 

These  examples  are  very  large,  far  exceeding  in  their  dimensions 
the  recorded  measurements.  These  are  as  follows:  Total  length,  188 
and  200;  tail  vertebrae,  37  and  42;  hind  foot,  24  and  25. 


ORDER  CHIROPTERA. 

SUBFAM.   PLECOTIN^E. 

CORYNORH1NUS. 
Corynorhinus  townsendi. 

Corynorhinus  townsendi.     (Cooper),  Ann.  Lye.  Nat. 'Hist.,  N.  Y., 
*v>  P-  73-      Elliot,  Syn.  N.  Am.  Mamm.,  1901,  p.  400. 
Six  specimens  from  Goldbeach,  Oregon. 


UNIVERSITY  OF  ILLINOIS-URBANA 

590. 5FI  C001 

FIELDIANA.  ZOOLOGYJCHGO 
31900-04 


30112009379600 


